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:: Volume 23, Issue 3 (Fall 2022) ::
IJHST 2022, 23(3): 437-446 Back to browse issues page
The Effect of Foliar Application of Calcium Nitrate and Potassium Phosphite on Antioxidant Enzymes and Nutrients of Blood Orange CV. Sanguine in the Storage
Amirali Mohammadi , Mehrdad Shahabian , Mahmoud Reza Ramezanpour
Mazandaran Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center
Abstract:   (495 Views)
Citrus fruits are important sources of antioxidants including phenolic compounds, flavonoids, carotenoids and ascorbic acid, which can be changed by using mineral elements, especially potassium and calcium. This research was conducted factorial form in a completely randomized design. Foliar application of calcium nitrate (0, 2 and 4 g L-1) and potassium phosphite (0, 1.5 and 3 g L-1) before commercial maturation of blood orange fruits of Sanguine cultivar, and one week after treatment, fruit harvesting operation done. The fruits were stored for 3 months in normal storage. The antioxidant properties, elements and enzymes were evaluated at the time of harvest and during the storage period at intervals of one month. The results showed that the use of higher concentrations of calcium nitrate and potassium phosphite improved the characteristics measured on the day of harvest. Fruits treated with 4 g L-1 calcium nitrate and 3 g L-1 and 1.5 g L-1 potassium phosphate had the best effect on antioxidant properties and elements. Also, the amount of APX and SOD enzymes increased with these treatments during the storage period.
Keywords: Sanguine, Anthocyanin, Phenol, Vitamin C
Full-Text [PDF 491 kb]   (109 Downloads)    
Type of Study: Research | Subject: Postharvest physiology
Received: 2021/05/5 | Accepted: 2021/10/24 | Published: 2022/12/4
References
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2. Bor, J.Y., H.Y. Chen. and G.C. Yen. 2006. Evaluation of antioxidant activity and inhibitory effect on nitric oxide production of some common vegetables. J. Agr. Food Chem. 54:5.1680-1686. [DOI:10.1021/jf0527448]
3. Chapman, H. D. and P. F. Pratt. 1961. Methods of analysis for soils, Plants Waters, Soil Sci. J. 169-176.
4. Conway, W.S., C. E. Sams. and K.D. Hickey. 2001. Pre-and postharvest calcium treatment of apple fruit and its effect on quality. In International Symposium on Foliar Nutrition of Perennial Fruit Plants, September, Merano, Italy, 594 (pp. 413-419). [DOI:10.17660/ActaHortic.2002.594.53]
5. Ebrahimzadeh, M.A., S.F. Nabavi, S.M. Nabavi. and B. Eslami. 2010. Antihemolytic and antioxidant activities of Allium paradoxum. Cent. Eur. J. Biol. 5: 338-345. [DOI:10.2478/s11535-010-0013-5]
6. El-Hilali, F., A. Ait-Oubahou, A. Remah. and O. Akhayat. 2004. Effect of preharvest sprays of Ca and K on quality, peel pitting and peroxidases activity of 'Fortune' mandarin fruit in low temperature storage. Acta Hort. 632(40): 309-315. [DOI:10.17660/ActaHortic.2004.632.40]
7. Emami, A. 1997. Methods of plant analysis. Agriculture research and promotion organization. Agriculture Ministry. 128 pp. (In Persian)
8. Estrada-Ortiz, E., L.I. Trejo-Téllez, F.C. Gómez-Merino, R. Núñez-Escobar. and M. Sandoval-Villa. 2013. The effects of phosphite on strawberry yield and fruit quality. J. Soil Sci. Plant Nut. 13(3): 612-620. [DOI:10.4067/S0718-95162013005000049]
9. Fallahi, E., W.S. Conway, K.D. Hickey. and C. Sams. 1997. The role of calcium and nitrogen in postharvest quality and disease resistance of apples. HortScience, 32 (5): 831-835. [DOI:10.21273/HORTSCI.32.5.831]
10. Fattahi Moghadam, J., M. Kiaeshkevarian. and Y.Gh. Khazaiepol. 2014. Determination of harvesting time index of kiwifruit cv. Hayward in central area of Mazandaran province. J. Plant Pro. 21(2):1-23. (In Persian)
11. Fotoohi Qazvini, R. and J. Fattahi Moghaddam. 2010. Citrus cultivation in Iran. Guilan University Press. pp.305. (In Persian)
12. Gardner P.T., T.A.C. White, D.B. Mcphail. and G.C. Duthie. 2000. The relative contribution of vitamin C, carotenoids and phenolics to the antioxidant potential of fruit juices. Food Chem. 68: 471-474. [DOI:10.1016/S0308-8146(99)00225-3]
13. Giannopolitis, C. N. and S.K. Ries.1977. Superoxide dismutase I. Occurrence in higher plants. Plant Physiol. 59(2): 309-314. [DOI:10.1104/pp.59.2.309]
14. Klimczak, I., M. Małecka, M. Szlachta. and A. Gliszczyńska-Świgło.2007. Effect of storage on the content of polyphenols, vitamin C and the antioxidant activity of orange juices. J. Food Compos. Anal. 20(3-4): 313-322. [DOI:10.1016/j.jfca.2006.02.012]
15. Lliso, I., F.R. Tadeo, B.S. Phinney, C.G. Wilkerson. and M. Talon. 2007. Protein changes in the albedo of citrus fruits on post-harvesting storage. J. Agr. Food Chem. 55(22):9047-9053. [DOI:10.1021/jf071198a]
16. LoScalzo R., T. Innoccari, C. Summa, R. Morelli. and P. Rapisarda. 2004.effect of thermal treatment on antioxidant and antiradical activity of blood orange juice. Food Chem. 85: 41-47. [DOI:10.1016/j.foodchem.2003.05.005]
17. Marschner, H. 1995. Mineral Nutrition of Higher Plants. 2nd Ed., Academic Press, New York.
18. Moor, U., P. Põldma, T. Tõnutare, K. Karp, M. Starast. and E. Vool. 2009. Effect of phosphite fertilization on growth, yield and fruit composition of strawberries. Sci. Hort. 119(3): 264-269. [DOI:10.1016/j.scienta.2008.08.005]
19. Nagy, S. 1980. Vitamin C contents of citrus fruit and their produced: a review. J. Agr. Food Chem. 28, 8-18. [DOI:10.1021/jf60227a026]
20. Nakano, Y. and K. Asada. 1981. Hydrogen peroxide is scavenged by ascorbate-specific peroxidase in spinach chloroplasts. Plant Cell Physiol. 22(5): 867-880.
21. Policegoudra, R.S. and S.M. Aradhya. 2007. Biochemical changes and antioxidant activity of mango ginger (Curcuma amada Roxb) rhizomes during postharvest storage at different temperatures. Postharvest Biol. Tech. 46: 189-194. [DOI:10.1016/j.postharvbio.2007.04.012]
22. Rajiv, K. and R.L. Misra. 2011. Studies on nitrogen application in combination with phosphorus or potassium on gladiolus cv. Jester Gold. In. J. Hort. 68 (4): 535-539.
23. Ramallo, A. C., L. Cerioni, G.M. Olmedo. S.I. Volentini. J. Ramallo. and V.A. Rapisarda. 2019. Control of Phytophthora brown rot of lemons by pre-and postharvest applications of potassium phosphite. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 154(4): 975-982. [DOI:10.1007/s10658-019-01717-y]
24. Ramezani, M., F. Rahmani. and A. Dehestani. 2017. Study of physio-biochemical responses elicited by potassium phosphite in downy mildew-infected cucumber plants. Arch. Phyt. Plant Protec. 50(11-12). [DOI:10.1080/03235408.2017.1341140]
25. Ramezanian, A., R. Dadgar. and F. Habibi. 2018. Postharvest Attributes of "Washington Navel" orange as affected by preharvest foliar application of calcium chloride, potassium chloride, and salicylic acid. Int. J. Fruit. Sci. 18(1): 68-84. [DOI:10.1080/15538362.2017.1377669]
26. Rapisarda P., A. Tomaino. R. Lo Cascio, F. Bonina, A. De Pasquale. and A. Saija. 1999. Antioxidant effectiveness as influenced by phenolic content of fresh orange juices. J. Agr. Food Chem. 47: 4718-4723. [DOI:10.1021/jf990111l]
27. Salem, A.T., and A.M.K. EL Khoreiby. 1991. Effect of preharvest sprays of calcium chloride and storage temperatures on quality and decay percentage of graperuit. Bull. of Fac. Agr. Uni. of Cairo, 42:1285-1298.
28. Sarrwy, S.M.A., A. Enas. and H.S.A. Hassan. 2010. Effect of foliar spray with potassium nitrate and mono-potassium phosphate on leaf mineral contents, fruit set, yield and fruit quality of Picual olive trees grown under sandy soil conditions. American- Eurasian J. Agr. Environ. Sci., 8(4): 420-430.
29. Sepahvand, E., M. Ghasemnejad, M.R. Fatahi Moghadam, A.R. Talaie. And M. Ali Askari Sarcheshmeh. 2016. Effect of training system and calcium chloride foliar spray on storability of apple fruit cvs.'Gala' and 'Delbarestival'. J. Crops Improv. 18(3): 553-555. (In Persian).
30. Tabatabaei, J. 2014. Principles of mineral nutrition of plants. Tabriz University Press. (In Persian)
31. Tadeo, F. R., J. Terol. M.J. Rodrigo, C. Licciardello, and A. Sadka. 2020. Fruit growth and development. In The Genus Citrus. Woodhead Publishing. pp. 245-269 [DOI:10.1016/B978-0-12-812163-4.00012-7]
32. Vattem, D.A. R. Randhir, and K. Shetty. 2005. Cranberry phenolics‐mediated elicitation of antioxidant enzyme response in fava bean (Vicia faba) sprouts. J. Food Biochem. 29(1): 41-70. [DOI:10.1111/j.1745-4514.2005.00007.x]
33. Wang, Z. T. Ying. B. Bao. and X. Huang. 2005. Characteristics of fruit ripening in tomato mutant epi. J. Zhe. Uni. Sci. 6: 502-207. [DOI:10.1631/jzus.2005.B0502]
34. Waterhouse, A.L. and V.F. Laurie. 2006. Oxidation of wine phenolics a critical evaluation and hypotheses on antioxidant capacity and bioactive compounds in raspberry fruit. Amer. J. Enol. Vitic. 57(3): 306-313. [DOI:10.5344/ajev.2006.57.3.306]
35. Wójcik, P., A. Skorupińska. and J. Filipczak. 2014. Impacts of preharvest fall sprays of calcium chloride at high rates on quality and 'Conference'pear storability. Sci. Hort. 168:51-57. [DOI:10.1016/j.scienta.2014.01.017]
36. Wrolstad, R. E. 1976. Color and pigment analysis in fruit products. Oregon Agriculture Experiment Station Corvallis, Oregon. Bulletin, 624.
37. Zaman, L., W. Shafqat, A. Qureshi, N. Sharif, K. Raza, and S. ud Din, S. Ikram, M. Jafar Jaskani. and M. Kamran. 2019. Effect of foliar spray of zinc sulphate and calcium carbonate on fruit quality of Kinnow mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco). J. Glob. Innov. Agr. Soc. Sci. 7(4): 157-161. [DOI:10.22194/JGIASS/7.875]
38. Zekri, M. 2014. Foliar fertilization in citriculture. Citrus Industry, University of Florida Extension, 3p.
39. Akhtar, A., N.A. Abbasi. and A. Hussain. 2010. Effect of calcium chloride treatments on quality characteristics of loquat fruit during storage. Pakistan. J. Bot. 42(1):181-188.
40. Bor, J.Y., H.Y. Chen. and G.C. Yen. 2006. Evaluation of antioxidant activity and inhibitory effect on nitric oxide production of some common vegetables. J. Agr. Food Chem. 54:5.1680-1686. [DOI:10.1021/jf0527448]
41. Chapman, H. D. and P. F. Pratt. 1961. Methods of analysis for soils, Plants Waters, Soil Sci. J. 169-176.
42. Conway, W.S., C. E. Sams. and K.D. Hickey. 2001. Pre-and postharvest calcium treatment of apple fruit and its effect on quality. In International Symposium on Foliar Nutrition of Perennial Fruit Plants, September, Merano, Italy, 594 (pp. 413-419). [DOI:10.17660/ActaHortic.2002.594.53]
43. Ebrahimzadeh, M.A., S.F. Nabavi, S.M. Nabavi. and B. Eslami. 2010. Antihemolytic and antioxidant activities of Allium paradoxum. Cent. Eur. J. Biol. 5: 338-345. [DOI:10.2478/s11535-010-0013-5]
44. El-Hilali, F., A. Ait-Oubahou, A. Remah. and O. Akhayat. 2004. Effect of preharvest sprays of Ca and K on quality, peel pitting and peroxidases activity of 'Fortune' mandarin fruit in low temperature storage. Acta Hort. 632(40): 309-315. [DOI:10.17660/ActaHortic.2004.632.40]
45. Emami, A. 1997. Methods of plant analysis. Agriculture research and promotion organization. Agriculture Ministry. 128 pp. (In Persian)
46. Estrada-Ortiz, E., L.I. Trejo-Téllez, F.C. Gómez-Merino, R. Núñez-Escobar. and M. Sandoval-Villa. 2013. The effects of phosphite on strawberry yield and fruit quality. J. Soil Sci. Plant Nut. 13(3): 612-620. [DOI:10.4067/S0718-95162013005000049]
47. Fallahi, E., W.S. Conway, K.D. Hickey. and C. Sams. 1997. The role of calcium and nitrogen in postharvest quality and disease resistance of apples. HortScience, 32 (5): 831-835. [DOI:10.21273/HORTSCI.32.5.831]
48. Fattahi Moghadam, J., M. Kiaeshkevarian. and Y.Gh. Khazaiepol. 2014. Determination of harvesting time index of kiwifruit cv. Hayward in central area of Mazandaran province. J. Plant Pro. 21(2):1-23. (In Persian)
49. Fotoohi Qazvini, R. and J. Fattahi Moghaddam. 2010. Citrus cultivation in Iran. Guilan University Press. pp.305. (In Persian)
50. Gardner P.T., T.A.C. White, D.B. Mcphail. and G.C. Duthie. 2000. The relative contribution of vitamin C, carotenoids and phenolics to the antioxidant potential of fruit juices. Food Chem. 68: 471-474. [DOI:10.1016/S0308-8146(99)00225-3]
51. Giannopolitis, C. N. and S.K. Ries.1977. Superoxide dismutase I. Occurrence in higher plants. Plant Physiol. 59(2): 309-314. [DOI:10.1104/pp.59.2.309]
52. Klimczak, I., M. Małecka, M. Szlachta. and A. Gliszczyńska-Świgło.2007. Effect of storage on the content of polyphenols, vitamin C and the antioxidant activity of orange juices. J. Food Compos. Anal. 20(3-4): 313-322. [DOI:10.1016/j.jfca.2006.02.012]
53. Lliso, I., F.R. Tadeo, B.S. Phinney, C.G. Wilkerson. and M. Talon. 2007. Protein changes in the albedo of citrus fruits on post-harvesting storage. J. Agr. Food Chem. 55(22):9047-9053. [DOI:10.1021/jf071198a]
54. LoScalzo R., T. Innoccari, C. Summa, R. Morelli. and P. Rapisarda. 2004.effect of thermal treatment on antioxidant and antiradical activity of blood orange juice. Food Chem. 85: 41-47. [DOI:10.1016/j.foodchem.2003.05.005]
55. Marschner, H. 1995. Mineral Nutrition of Higher Plants. 2nd Ed., Academic Press, New York.
56. Moor, U., P. Põldma, T. Tõnutare, K. Karp, M. Starast. and E. Vool. 2009. Effect of phosphite fertilization on growth, yield and fruit composition of strawberries. Sci. Hort. 119(3): 264-269. [DOI:10.1016/j.scienta.2008.08.005]
57. Nagy, S. 1980. Vitamin C contents of citrus fruit and their produced: a review. J. Agr. Food Chem. 28, 8-18. [DOI:10.1021/jf60227a026]
58. Nakano, Y. and K. Asada. 1981. Hydrogen peroxide is scavenged by ascorbate-specific peroxidase in spinach chloroplasts. Plant Cell Physiol. 22(5): 867-880.
59. Policegoudra, R.S. and S.M. Aradhya. 2007. Biochemical changes and antioxidant activity of mango ginger (Curcuma amada Roxb) rhizomes during postharvest storage at different temperatures. Postharvest Biol. Tech. 46: 189-194. [DOI:10.1016/j.postharvbio.2007.04.012]
60. Rajiv, K. and R.L. Misra. 2011. Studies on nitrogen application in combination with phosphorus or potassium on gladiolus cv. Jester Gold. In. J. Hort. 68 (4): 535-539.
61. Ramallo, A. C., L. Cerioni, G.M. Olmedo. S.I. Volentini. J. Ramallo. and V.A. Rapisarda. 2019. Control of Phytophthora brown rot of lemons by pre-and postharvest applications of potassium phosphite. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 154(4): 975-982. [DOI:10.1007/s10658-019-01717-y]
62. Ramezani, M., F. Rahmani. and A. Dehestani. 2017. Study of physio-biochemical responses elicited by potassium phosphite in downy mildew-infected cucumber plants. Arch. Phyt. Plant Protec. 50(11-12). [DOI:10.1080/03235408.2017.1341140]
63. Ramezanian, A., R. Dadgar. and F. Habibi. 2018. Postharvest Attributes of "Washington Navel" orange as affected by preharvest foliar application of calcium chloride, potassium chloride, and salicylic acid. Int. J. Fruit. Sci. 18(1): 68-84. [DOI:10.1080/15538362.2017.1377669]
64. Rapisarda P., A. Tomaino. R. Lo Cascio, F. Bonina, A. De Pasquale. and A. Saija. 1999. Antioxidant effectiveness as influenced by phenolic content of fresh orange juices. J. Agr. Food Chem. 47: 4718-4723. [DOI:10.1021/jf990111l]
65. Salem, A.T., and A.M.K. EL Khoreiby. 1991. Effect of preharvest sprays of calcium chloride and storage temperatures on quality and decay percentage of graperuit. Bull. of Fac. Agr. Uni. of Cairo, 42:1285-1298.
66. Sarrwy, S.M.A., A. Enas. and H.S.A. Hassan. 2010. Effect of foliar spray with potassium nitrate and mono-potassium phosphate on leaf mineral contents, fruit set, yield and fruit quality of Picual olive trees grown under sandy soil conditions. American- Eurasian J. Agr. Environ. Sci., 8(4): 420-430.
67. Sepahvand, E., M. Ghasemnejad, M.R. Fatahi Moghadam, A.R. Talaie. And M. Ali Askari Sarcheshmeh. 2016. Effect of training system and calcium chloride foliar spray on storability of apple fruit cvs.'Gala' and 'Delbarestival'. J. Crops Improv. 18(3): 553-555. (In Persian).
68. Tabatabaei, J. 2014. Principles of mineral nutrition of plants. Tabriz University Press. (In Persian)
69. Tadeo, F. R., J. Terol. M.J. Rodrigo, C. Licciardello, and A. Sadka. 2020. Fruit growth and development. In The Genus Citrus. Woodhead Publishing. pp. 245-269 [DOI:10.1016/B978-0-12-812163-4.00012-7]
70. Vattem, D.A. R. Randhir, and K. Shetty. 2005. Cranberry phenolics‐mediated elicitation of antioxidant enzyme response in fava bean (Vicia faba) sprouts. J. Food Biochem. 29(1): 41-70. [DOI:10.1111/j.1745-4514.2005.00007.x]
71. Wang, Z. T. Ying. B. Bao. and X. Huang. 2005. Characteristics of fruit ripening in tomato mutant epi. J. Zhe. Uni. Sci. 6: 502-207. [DOI:10.1631/jzus.2005.B0502]
72. Waterhouse, A.L. and V.F. Laurie. 2006. Oxidation of wine phenolics a critical evaluation and hypotheses on antioxidant capacity and bioactive compounds in raspberry fruit. Amer. J. Enol. Vitic. 57(3): 306-313. [DOI:10.5344/ajev.2006.57.3.306]
73. Wójcik, P., A. Skorupińska. and J. Filipczak. 2014. Impacts of preharvest fall sprays of calcium chloride at high rates on quality and 'Conference'pear storability. Sci. Hort. 168:51-57. [DOI:10.1016/j.scienta.2014.01.017]
74. Wrolstad, R. E. 1976. Color and pigment analysis in fruit products. Oregon Agriculture Experiment Station Corvallis, Oregon. Bulletin, 624.
75. Zaman, L., W. Shafqat, A. Qureshi, N. Sharif, K. Raza, and S. ud Din, S. Ikram, M. Jafar Jaskani. and M. Kamran. 2019. Effect of foliar spray of zinc sulphate and calcium carbonate on fruit quality of Kinnow mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco). J. Glob. Innov. Agr. Soc. Sci. 7(4): 157-161. [DOI:10.22194/JGIASS/7.875]
76. Zekri, M. 2014. Foliar fertilization in citriculture. Citrus Industry, University of Florida Extension, 3p.
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Mohammadi A, Shahabian M, Ramezanpour M R. The Effect of Foliar Application of Calcium Nitrate and Potassium Phosphite on Antioxidant Enzymes and Nutrients of Blood Orange CV. Sanguine in the Storage. IJHST 2022; 23 (3) :437-446
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Volume 23, Issue 3 (Fall 2022) Back to browse issues page
مجله علوم و فنون باغبانی ایران Iranian Journal of Horticultural Science and Technology
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