Flowering and Self-Incompatibility in Some of the Superior Apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) Genotypes Grown in Barzok (Kashan) Climate

Fallah-Barzoki, Saeedeh; Arzani, Kazem; Bouzari, Naser

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Volume 23, Issue 3 (Fall 2022)

IJHST 2022, 23(3): 511-522

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Flowering and Self-Incompatibility in Some of the Superior Apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) Genotypes Grown in Barzok (Kashan) Climate

Saeedeh Fallah-Barzoki

, Kazem Arzani

, Naser Bouzari

Tarbiat Modares University

Abstract: (508 Views)

Identification of superior genotypes within the rich fruit trees germplasm in Iran is an important task. Eighty suitable genotypes were selected within the 600 genotypes that were grown in the Barzok, Kashan region, then 11 genotypes were considered as the superior genotypes. Besides recording the flowering periods of the 80 suitable genotypes, evaluation of the 11 superior genotypes was recorded during the 2017 and 2018 growing seasons. A 21 days difference at the beginning of flowering was recorded during two years of study. The high variability within the studied genotypes was observed in flower density. The genotype KB1045 with 158 flowers and genotype KB12939 with 60 flowers in 100 cm of shoot showed the biggest and lowest flower density, respectively. The highest fruit set record on 15 days after controlled self-pollination was recorded on genotype KB1045 (53.83 % fruit set) and the lowest was belong to genotype KB4541 (with 0 % fruit set). The microscopic examinations showed well germination of transferred pollens on the self-pollinated stigma. The microscopic fluorescence examination of pollen tube growth in the style at 48, 72, 96, and 120 h after self-pollination showed that very rare pollen tubes reached the ovary, so confirmed the incompatibility of the studied genotypes. Because the studied genotypes were superior in terms of many morphological traits, the obtained results can facilitate further apricot breeding programs on these genotypes.

Keywords: Apricot, Pollination, Pollen, Pollen tube, Frost damage, Fluorescence microscope

Full-Text [PDF 1491 kb] (169 Downloads)

Type of Study: Research | Subject: Pomology
Received: 2020/01/14 | Accepted: 2021/11/20 | Published: 2022/12/31

References

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3. Arzani, K. 2017. The potential and limiting environmental conditions on fruit trees germplasm and yield of established orchards in Iran. First International Horticultural Science Conference of Iran (IrHC2017), September 4-7, Tarbiat Modares University (TMU), Tehran Iran, Abstracts Book, O-63(216): 110 p. (In Persian).

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29. Ansari, M. and G. Davarynejad. 2008. The flowering phenology of sour cherry cultivars. J. Agr. Enviro. Sci. 4.: 117-124.

30. Arzani, K. 1989. Compatibility and incompatibility studies of some sweet cherry cultivars in fertilization and fruit set of sweet cherry cv. 'Siah Mashad' MSc thesis, Department of Horticultural Science, University of Tehran. 153 p. (In Persian).

31. Arzani, K. 2017. The potential and limiting environmental conditions on fruit trees germplasm and yield of established orchards in Iran. First International Horticultural Science Conference of Iran (IrHC2017), September 4-7, Tarbiat Modares University (TMU), Tehran Iran, Abstracts Book, O-63(216): 110 p. (In Persian).

32. Arzani, K. 2020. The onset of controlled hybridization, pollination studies, and the history of pollinizer application in the commercial fruit tree orchards in Iran. Acta Hort. 1297: 137-144. [DOI:10.17660/ActaHortic.2020.1297.19]

33. Arzani, K., A. Khalighi., M. mostafavi., A. Maniei., and P. veVojdani.1992. Evaluation of the best pollinator for sweet cherries of the 'Siah Mashhad' cultivar. J. Hort. Sci. 23: 65-75p. (In Persian).

34. Arzani, K. and A. Khalighi. 1998. Pre-season pollen collection and outdoor hybridization for pollinizer determination in sweet cherry cv. Siah Mashad. Acta Hort. 468: 575-582. [DOI:10.17660/ActaHortic.1998.468.71]

35. Arzani, K., F. Bahadori and S. Piri. 2009. Paclobutrazol reduces vegetative growth and enhances the flowering and fruiting of mature 'J.H. Hale' and 'Red Skin' peach trees. Hort. Environ. Biotechnol. 50(2): 84-93.

36. Atkinson, C. and A. Lucas. 1996. The Response of flowering date and cropping of Pyrus communis Cv. Concorde to autumn warming. J. Hort. Sci.71(3): 427-434. [DOI:10.1080/14620316.1996.11515423]

37. Brown, D.S. 1952. Climate in relation to deciduous fruit production in California. IV. Effect of the mild winter of 1950-51 on deciduous fruits in northern California. Proc. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci 59: 111-18.

38. Cerovic, M. 1998. Global airport retailing. business insights consumer report. Datamonitor. London.

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40. Ebrahimi, S., A. Rezainejad., A. Ismaili and F. Karimi. 2017. Variety and heritability of morphological traits in some apricot genotypes in climatic conditions of Sanandaj, Kurdistan province, Iran. Plant Prod. Tech. 9 (1): 17-32p. (In Persian).

41. Fallah-Barzoki, S., K. Arzani and N. Bouzari. 2017. Preliminary assessment in genetic diversity of mature apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) genotypes grown under Kashan environmental conditions. First International Horticultural Science Conference of Iran (IrHC2017). Abstracts Book, P-58 (177) Page: 183.

42. FAO. 2019. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QC

43. Guleryuz, M. 1988. A study on breeding by selection of wild apricots quality and resistance to spring frosts in Erzincan plain. Professor thesis, Ataturk University Faculty of Agriculture, Erzurum.

44. Kato, M., S. Kato and H. J. B. S. Sassa. 2012. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of S-RNase fragments for identification of S-genotypes of Japanese pear (Pyrus pyrifolia). Breed. Sci. 62(4): 348-351. [DOI:10.1270/jsbbs.62.348]

45. Milošević, T., N. Milošević, I. Glišić and B. Krška. 2010. Characteristics of promising apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) genetic resources in Central Serbia based on blossoming period and fruit quality. Hort. Sci..37(2): 46-55. [DOI:10.17221/67/2009-HORTSCI]

46. Najatian, M.A. 2003. Evaluation of genetic diversity of some apricot (Prunus Armeniaca L.) cultivars in Iran. PhD Thesis. Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran. (In persian).

47. Nejatian, M.A and K. Arzani. 2004. Determination of self-incompatibility and effective pollination period in four local Iranian apricots (Prunus armeniaca L.) cultivars. Iran. J. Hort. Sci. Tech. 5(3): 147-156 (In Persian).

48. Nyéki, J. and M. Soltész. 1996. Floral biology of temperate zone fruit trees and small fruits. Akadémiai Kiadó. National Agricultural Library.

49. Okie, W. and D. J. H. Werner. 1996. Genetic influence on flower bud density in peach and nectarine exceeds that of the environment. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 31(6):1010-1012. [DOI:10.21273/HORTSCI.31.6.1010]

50. Richter, A. A. 1972. L'amandier. Academie les Sciences Agricoles. Jard. Bot. de Nikitski, Yalta. (quoted by Grasselly and Crossa-Raynaud, 1980).

51. Robert, E. and S. Seeley. 1989. Flower bud coatings of spray oils delay dehardening and bloom in peach trees. HortScience, 24(6):914-915. [DOI:10.21273/HORTSCI.24.6.914]

52. Roy, D. 2000. Plant breeding: Analysis and exploitation of variation: Alpha Science Int'l Ltd.

53. Ruml, M., A. Vuković and D. Milatović. 2010. Evaluation of different methods for determining growing degree-day thresholds in apricot cultivars. Int. J. Biometeorol. 54(4): 411-422. [DOI:10.1007/s00484-009-0292-6]

54. Sheikhi, A., K. Arzani and M. Kousheshsaba. 2016. Determination of self and cross-(in) compatibility of some Asian pear (Pyrus serotina Rehd.) and European pear (Pyrus communis L.) cultivars native to Iran. Seed Plant Improv. J. 32(3): 383-400 (In Persian).

55. Williams, R. 1965. The effect of summer nitrogen applications on the quality of apple blossom. J. Hort. Sci. 40(1): 31-41. [DOI:10.1080/00221589.1965.11514118]

56. Yilmaz, K.U. and K. Gurcan. 2012. Genetic diversity in apricot. In the book: Genetic Diversity in Plants: InTech. 512 p.

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Fallah-Barzoki S, Arzani K, Bouzari N. Flowering and Self-Incompatibility in Some of the Superior Apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) Genotypes Grown in Barzok (Kashan) Climate. IJHST 2022; 23 (3) :511-522
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