Iranian Journal of Horticultural Science and Technology
مجله علوم و فنون باغبانی ایران
IJHST
Agriculture
http://journal-irshs.ir
1
admin
1680-7154
1680-7154
8
7
14
8888
13
fa
jalali
1399
7
1
gregorian
2020
10
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21
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online
1
fulltext
fa
اثر منبع دانه گرده روی برخی از ویژگیهای خشکمیوه رقمهای فندق
در شرق استان گیلان
Effect of Pollen Sources on Nut Characteristics of Some Hazelnut (Corylus avellana) Cultivars in East of Guilan Province
میوه کاری(میوه های ریز، معندله و سردسیری، نیمه گرمسیری، میوههای خشک)
Pomology
پژوهشي
Research
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">گردهافشانی برای</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">دستیابی</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">به</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">محصول</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">اقتصادی</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">در</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">فندق</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">بسیار</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">مهم</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">است. این پژوهش</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">بهصورت</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">فاکتوریل</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">در</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">قالب طرح بلوکهای</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">کامل</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">تصادفی</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">در</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">سه</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">تکرار</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">انجام شد. در</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">این</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">بررسی، تأثیر دانههای گرده </span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">Gercheh</span></span></span><span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">، پشمینه، شصتک و</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">حالت خودگردهافشانی روی</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">ویژگیهای میوه</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">مغز</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">روند، فرتیل و گرداشکورات مورد</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">بررسی</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">قرار</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">گرفت. نتیجههای</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">بررسی فنولوژی</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">گلدهی نشان</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">داد</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">که رقمهای</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">مورد بررسی نرپیشرس (پروتاندر) بودند</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">.</span></span></span><span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"> زمان</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">باز</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">شدن</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">گل</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">نر</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">در</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">روند و فرتیل از میانه دی تا انتهای دی و</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">در</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">گرداشکورات از</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">اواخر</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">دی</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">تا</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">اواسط بهمن</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">زمان</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">باز</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">شدن</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">گل</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">ماده</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">از</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">اواسط</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">بهمن</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">در روند تا</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">اوایل</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">اسفند</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">در فرتیل متغیر</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">بود. براساس نتیجههای این آزمایش، با استفاده از</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">دانهگرده </span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">Gercheh</span></span></span><span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"> با</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">دانه</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"></span></span></span><span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">های</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">گرده</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">قویتر</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">زنده</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"></span></span></span><span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">تر، سنگینترین میوه</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">مغز</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">فندق و بیشترین درصد مغز بهترتیب به میزان 04/3 و 48/1 گرم و 69/48 % و کمترین درصد</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">پوکی میوه (94/13) مشاهده شد. اما</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">زمانیکه از</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">دانه</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"></span></span></span><span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">های</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">گرده شصتک استفاده</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">شد</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">وزن میوه</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">مغز فندق بهترتیب به 44/2 و 22/1 گرم کاهش یافت</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">درصد پوکی میوه</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">بیمغزی نیز به 48/26 % افزایش</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">یافت. در</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">حالت خودگردهافشانی میزان</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">پوکی میوه بهطور</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">معنیداری</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">افزایش</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">و به 51/87 % رسید و وزن</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">میوه</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">مغز</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">آن</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">به</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">شدت</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">کاهش</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">یافت و بهترتیب به 27/1 و 22/0 گرم رسید. در حالت کلی، دانه گرده روی برخی ویژگیهای میوه از جمله وزن میوه، وزن مغز، درصد پوکی و بیمغزی و درصد مغزدار بودن تأثیر داشت و روی شکل میوه و مغز اثر معنیداری نداشت. در بین نژادگانهای گردهزا، </span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">Gercheh</span></span></span><span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"> بیشترین همپوشانی را با گلهای ماده روند، فرتیل وگرداشکورات نشان داد.</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"></span></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">Pollination is very important for achieving an economical production in hazelnuts. This study was conducted as a factorial randomized complete block design with three replications. In this study, the effects of three pollinizers (Pashmineh, Gercheh and Shastak) on nut and kernel characteristics of some hazelnut cultivars (Rounde, Fertilede coutard and Gerdeshkvarat) were investigated. The results of the flowering phenology showed that all cultivars were protanderious. The time of the male flowers opening in Ronde and Fertilede coutard was from early January to late January and in Gerd Eshkvarat was from mid-January to late January. The opening time of the female flower was variable from mid-January in Ronde to late February in Fertilede coutard<span dir="RTL">. </span>The results showed that the quantitative traits of nut and kernel were strongly influenced by pollen sources. Using stronger and more viable pollen grains of Gercheh pollinizer, the heaviest nut and kernels, the highest percentage of kernel production, and the lowest percentage of blankness kernels were 3.64, 1.48, 48.69, and 13.94, respectively. However, using Shastak pollen grains, the weight of the nut and kernel was decreased by 2.44 % and 1.22 %, respectively, and the blankness percentage of kernel was increased by 26.48 %. The amount of blankness increased dramatically to 87.51 % in self-pollination and nut and kernel weight significantly reduced to 1.27 and 0.22 g, respectively. In general, pollen grain had effects on some fruit characteristics such as nut and kernel weight, percentage of blankness and kernel production, and pollen grain had no significant effect on nut and kernel shape. The highest overlap of male flowers opening in pollenizer genotypes with female flowers of Rounde, Fertilede coutard, and Gerdeshkvarat was observed in Gercheh.</div>
تشکیل میوه, سازگاری, گردهافشانی, میوه, ناهمرسی
Compatabitity, Dichogamy, Fruit set, Nut, Pollination
225
236
http://journal-irshs.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-78-1&slc_lang=fa&sid=1
Davood
Javadi Mojaddad
داوود
جوادی مجدد
davoodjavadi2010@gmail.com
10031947532846006114
10031947532846006114
No
Horticulture Crops Research Department, Guilan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Rasht, Iran
بخش تحقیقات علوم زراعی- باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان گیلان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، رشت، ایران.
Ebrahim
Abedi Gheshlaghi
ابراهیم
عابدی قشلاقی
eabedig@yahoo.com
10031947532846006115
10031947532846006115
Yes
Horticulture Crops Research Department, Guilan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Rasht, Iran
بخش تحقیقات علوم زراعی- باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان گیلان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، رشت، ایران.